COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PAKISTAN AND THE U.S.A REGARDING ISSUES ABOUT THE THIRD GENDER AT INTERGOVERNMENTAL AND INSTITUTIONAL LEVELS

Abstract

This study explored the conditions of the third gender or transgender in two different societies while considering the role of international organizations and national institutions. Individuals who identify as transgender encounter numerous challenges, including issues related to their recognition, such as discrimination, limited access to education and healthcare, as well as the risk of experiencing sexual violence, physical and emotional harm, social and political marginalization, and unemployment. To observe clearer picture human development model of Mahbub ul Haq, capability theory of Amartya Sen, and recognition theory of Charles Taylor used as theoretical framework under Human development Index. To accomplish this research, content analysis used where literature of existing published material (scholarly articles) and news articles used as secondary data resources. To interpret the gathered data, the human rights framework is employed to conduct a conceptual analysis focused on various laws impacting the transgender community in the primary case studies of Pakistan and the USA. This analysis helps in understanding the circumstances of the transgender community from both a human rights perspective and a human development approach, highlighting the critical role of freedom issues in any developmental progress. Additionally, it involves assessing the three primary generations of human rights across multiple governing law systems, comparing and evaluating them within the governmental structures of the case studies. Moreover, it provides rich importance in literature and opens debate for respective future research as well as creates the bridge between politicians, community activists, and transgender to find the solution of them from both perspectives