Abstract:
The geopolitical and geostrategic position of the country gained importance
with the instability that started in Afghanistan after 1990. Afghanistan is a land
bridge between the Indian Ocean with the emergence of the underground natural
riches of Central Asia. After the withdrawal of the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics (USSR) from the country, an effort was made to explain the power
struggle between the local mujahideen fighting against the USSR and how
Taliban emerged. The negativities experienced in Afghanistan and the region will
be evaluated periodically with the influence of international powers. Taliban
filled the gap created by the civil war and instability in a short time and ruled the
country with strict rules. In this paper, Afghanistan after civil war in 1990 and the
impacts of Taliban are analyzed. September 11, 2001 attacks and the reasons why
international forces were in the country will be discussed. The security effects of
the failed state will be evaluated regionally and globally. Afghanistan, being open
to the post-1990 security problem and the interventions of international forces,
and the state formation and historical processes of the country are analyzed. It led
to intensify the humanitarian crisis and migration in Afghanistan, which is
considered as a failed state and a fragile state. The threat to Afghanistan‟s
regional and international security is discussed. In this study, observation,
literature review in data collection, document analysis, case study and
comparative analysis are used in data analysis as qualitative research. Looking at
its historical process in Afghanistan, it has been constantly exposed to or left
under the pressure and invasion of foreign powers. After 1979, Afghanistan‟s
close involvement in domestic and foreign politics caused the start of the civil
war and made the civil war and instability permanent. After the victory of the
mujahideen against the USSR after 1990, they caused disagreements among
themselves. Thus, it has led to segregation and conflicts within different groups
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within the country. This has negatively affected the country‟s infrastructure,
education, economy and politics. The support of ethnic groups within the country
by different powers, on the other hand, allows insecurity and instability to begin
and terrorist organizations to operate. It has been placed in a safe position for
terrorists where it can hide and operate.
