1990 SONRASI AFGANĠSTAN’IN İÇ SAVAŞ VE TALİBANIN ETKİSİ

Abstract

The geopolitical and geostrategic position of the country gained importance with the instability that started in Afghanistan after 1990. Afghanistan is a land bridge between the Indian Ocean with the emergence of the underground natural riches of Central Asia. After the withdrawal of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) from the country, an effort was made to explain the power struggle between the local mujahideen fighting against the USSR and how Taliban emerged. The negativities experienced in Afghanistan and the region will be evaluated periodically with the influence of international powers. Taliban filled the gap created by the civil war and instability in a short time and ruled the country with strict rules. In this paper, Afghanistan after civil war in 1990 and the impacts of Taliban are analyzed. September 11, 2001 attacks and the reasons why international forces were in the country will be discussed. The security effects of the failed state will be evaluated regionally and globally. Afghanistan, being open to the post-1990 security problem and the interventions of international forces, and the state formation and historical processes of the country are analyzed. It led to intensify the humanitarian crisis and migration in Afghanistan, which is considered as a failed state and a fragile state. The threat to Afghanistan‟s regional and international security is discussed. In this study, observation, literature review in data collection, document analysis, case study and comparative analysis are used in data analysis as qualitative research. Looking at its historical process in Afghanistan, it has been constantly exposed to or left under the pressure and invasion of foreign powers. After 1979, Afghanistan‟s close involvement in domestic and foreign politics caused the start of the civil war and made the civil war and instability permanent. After the victory of the mujahideen against the USSR after 1990, they caused disagreements among themselves. Thus, it has led to segregation and conflicts within different groups iv within the country. This has negatively affected the country‟s infrastructure, education, economy and politics. The support of ethnic groups within the country by different powers, on the other hand, allows insecurity and instability to begin and terrorist organizations to operate. It has been placed in a safe position for terrorists where it can hide and operate.